Commands & Their Functions

ipconfig/all: displays PC network configuration
tracert: displays the list of routers on a path to newtork destination
telnet: tests VTY configuration
ping 127.0.0.1: tests TCP/iP protocol stack
arp-a: displays IP to MAC address mappings on a Windows PC.

ARP

The ARP protocol is used by a network host to resolve a destination IPv4 address to destination MAC address.

Relationship Between Protocols and Its Associated Function

ARP - A PC sends packets to the default gateway IP address the first since the PC turned on
ICMP - The network administrator is checking basic IP connectivity from a workstation on a server
DNS- The TCP/Ip protocol stack must find an IP address for packets destined for a URL
DHCP - A network device will automatically assign IP addresses to workstations